AVO report
ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
U.S. Geological Survey
Sunday, February 9, 2025, 11:03 AM AKST (Sunday, February 9, 2025, 20:03 UTC)
GREAT SITKIN (VNUM #311120)
52°4'35" N 176°6'39" W, Summit Elevation 5709 ft (1740 m)
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
Lava continues to erupt slowly in the summit crater of Great Sitkin Volcano. Seismicity has been quiet over the past day. Clouds blocked views of the volcano in web camera and satellite images.
The current eruption of Great Sitkin Volcano began with a single explosive event in May 2021. The ongoing eruption of lava at the summit began shortly afterward, in July 2021. The volcano is monitored using local seismic and infrasound sensors, satellite data and web cameras, and regional infrasound and lightning networks.
To view monitoring data and other information about Great Sitkin: https://avo.alaska.edu/volcano/great-sitkin
SPURR (VNUM #313040)
61°17'56" N 152°15'14" W, Summit Elevation 11070 ft (3374 m)
Current Volcano Alert Level: ADVISORY
Current Aviation Color Code: YELLOW
Unrest continues at Mount Spurr, with numerous small, shallow volcanic earthquakes detected beneath the volcano over the past day. Currently, most of the them are occurring under the Crater Peak vent, with some also located under the summit of Mount Spurr. Clear views of the volcano showed no unusual activity over the past day.
AVO continues to monitor activity at Mount Spurr for signals that would indicate that the volcano is moving closer to an eruption. Based on previous eruptions, changes from current activity in the earthquakes, ground deformation, summit lake, and fumaroles would be expected if magma began to move closer to the surface. Therefore, it is very likely that if an eruption were to occur it would be preceded by additional signals that would allow advance warning.
The volcano is monitored using local seismic, infrasound, web camera, and GNSS stations along with regional infrasound, lightning networks and satellite data.
To view monitoring data and other information about Mount Spurr: https://avo.alaska.edu/volcano/spurr
CENAPRED report
Cenapred monitoring report
on the Popocatépetl volcano
February 10, 2025
Summary of the last 24 hours:
February 10, 11:00 a.m. (February 10, 5:00 p.m. GMT)
Activity in the last 24 hours
38 exhalations were detected, accompanied by water vapor and other volcanic gases (video 1) . The most relevant one occurred today at 9:07 a.m., accompanied by ash and producing a column with a height of 1,200 m, dispersing in a north-northeast (NNE) direction (video 2) .
Additionally, 52 minutes of low-amplitude tremor were recorded, of which 47 were high frequency and five of the harmonic type.
During the morning and at the time of this report, a light emission of water vapor and volcanic gases is observed in a north-northeast direction (image 1) .
The Volcanic Alert Traffic Light for Popocatépetl is in Yellow Phase 2 .
CENVUL report
Volcanological Bulletin IGP/CENVUL-SAB/BV-2025-0006
Volcano: Sabancaya
Date and local time: 02/10/2025 12:09
Bulletin analysis period: February 3 to 9, 2025
Conclusions: The IGP reports that the eruptive process of the Sabancaya volcano continues. In this period, the average occurrence of 2 daily volcanic explosions was detected, generating columns of ash and gases up to 300 m high above the summit of the volcano. Consequently, the volcanic alert level remains orange.
GEONET report
Volcanic Activity BulletinWI - 2025/03
Mon Feb 10 2025 12:30 PM; Whakaari/White Island Volcano
Volcanic Alert Level remains at 2
Aviation Colour Code is lowered to Yellow
Whakaari / White Island continues to passively emit weak-to-moderate steam and gas plumes. No volcanic ash has been observed in the plume recently. The Volcanic Alert Level remains at 2 and the Aviation Colour Code is lowered to Yellow.
Activity at Whakaari / White Island is dominated by weak-to-moderate steam and gas plumes, as seen on our webcams at Whakatāne and Te Kaha, as well as on satellite imagery. Unlike what we’ve observed since late December when ash was regularly present in the steam and gas plumes, volcanic ash has not been observed during the past week.
Sometimes larger plumes are seen from the Bay of Plenty coast above and downwind of Whakaari, when weather conditions are clear and/or wind strength is lighter. Similarly, activity can change at short notice and produce stronger steam and gas plumes which are seen from the coast.
Without sensors on the island, our monitoring continues to rely on remote cameras, satellite imagery, and periodic observation and gas flights to monitor Whakaari.
Recent activity is consistent with moderate-heightened unrest and the Volcanic Alert Level therefore remains at Level 2. The lack of volcanic ash being emitted from the volcano means that the Aviation Colour Code is now lowered to Yellow. These levels acknowledge the current level of activity, but also reflect the degree of uncertainty about the level of unrest due to the current lack of consistent, usable real-time monitoring data. The level of volcanic activity could escalate back to levels seen in 2024, and the volcano can explosively erupt with little or no warning.
GNS Science’s Volcano Monitoring Group and National Geohazards Monitoring Centre will continue to closely monitor Whakaari / White Island for any changes in activity. We will provide further updates when information becomes available.
HVO report
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
U.S. Geological Survey
Sunday, February 9, 2025, 9:09 AM HST (Sunday, February 9, 2025, 19:09 UTC)
KILAUEA (VNUM #332010)
19°25'16" N 155°17'13" W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
Activity Summary:
Kīlauea summit eruption paused as of February 4. A new eruptive episode may begin within the next 3–4 days in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park.
INSIVUMEH report
Daily bulletin of volcanology
Updated by Fabrizio David Ponce Lemus on
PACAYA VOLCANO (1402-11)
Type of activity: Strombolian. Morphology: Composite volcano stratum.
Geographic location: 14°22'50˝ N latitude; 90°36'00˝ W longitude. Height: 2,552 masl.
Weather conditions: partly cloudy Wind: east Rainfall: 0.0 mm
Activity : The Pacaya Volcano Observatory (OVPAC) reports continued weak degassing composed of water vapor and other magmatic gases of white to blue color, reaching heights of between 100 and 200 meters above the crater level. These gases are displaced up to 1 kilometer depending on the direction of the wind. No incandescence has been observed, nor have explosions or rumblings been heard. Seismic stations around the volcano record events related to degassing.
FUEGO (1402-11)
Type of activity: Vulcanian. Morphology: Composite volcano stratum.
Geographic location: 14°28'54˝ N latitude; 90°52'54˝ W longitude. Height: 3,763 m above sea level.
Atmospheric conditions: clear Wind: east Rainfall: 18.3 mm.
Activity: No explosions have been recorded at this time. Periods of degassing are observed, generating low-lying columns of steam and magmatic gases, which reach between 100 and 150 meters above the crater level and move according to the direction of the wind. No incandescent pulses have been observed, nor has ash fall been reported in nearby communities, nor have rumblings, shock waves or sounds been recorded. The wind can lift fine sediments accumulated in the ravines, forming a curtain of ash on the southwest flank of the volcano. Regarding explosive activity, it is recommended to follow the indications described in the special bulletin BEFGO-001-2025.
SANTIAGUITO VOLCANO (1402-03)
Type of activity: Pelean Morphology: Dacitic dome complex
Geographic location: 14 °44' 33˝ N Latitude; 91°34'13˝ W Longitude. Height: . 2,500 meters above sea level.
Weather conditions: clear Wind: northeast Rainfall: 0.0 mm.
Activity: Activity is reported at the Caliente dome of the Santa María-Santiaguito volcanic complex, characterized by white-colored degassing at a height of 500 meters above the crater level. Weak and moderate explosions are generated that raise columns of gas and ash to heights of up to 900 meters above the crater level, which are displaced by the wind to the southwest. Collapse and descent of volcanic materials towards the southeast, south and southwest flanks of the dome. The Santiaguito Volcano Observatory (OVSAN) reports ash fall on Monte Bello and its surroundings. Activity remains at a high level, so there is a possibility that, due to explosions or the effect of gravity, part of the accumulated material will collapse and generate long-range pyroclastic flows to the southwest, south and southeast.
KVERT report
KVERT DAILY REPORT
Kamchatkan and Kuriles Volcanic Activity
February 09, 2025, all time is UTC
SHEVELUCH VOLCANO (CAVW #300270)
56.64 N, 161.32 E; Elevation 3283 m (10768 ft), the dome elevation ~2500 m (8200 ft)
Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE
A growth of the lava dome of the Young Sheveluch volcano, and the 300 years of RAS (the Russian Academy of Sciences) lava dome on the southwestern slope of the Old Sheveluch volcano continues. A growth of the domes is accompanied by powerful gas-steam activity. Satellite data by KVERT showed thermal anomalies over the both lava domes.
BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO (CAVW #300250)
55.97 N, 160.6 E; Elevation 2882 m (9453 ft)
Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE
An effusive eruption of the volcano continues. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano.
KARYMSKY VOLCANO (CAVW #300130)
54.05 N, 159.44 E; Elevation 1486 m (4874 ft)
Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE
A moderate activity of the volcano continues. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano.
MAGMA report
Ibu
Monday - February 10, 2025, period 00:00-24:00 WIT
Created by, M. Richard Chaniago
Level III (Alert)
Visual Observation
The volcano is clearly visible until covered by Fog 0-III. Observed white main crater smoke with thin to moderate intensity about 100-200 meters high from the peak. The weather is sunny to cloudy, light to moderate winds to the southeast and south.
Earthquake Observation
50 times Eruption earthquakes with an amplitude of 13-28 mm, and an earthquake duration of 29-86 seconds.
61 times Gust earthquake with amplitude 2-17 mm, and earthquake duration 14-64 seconds.
16 times Harmonic with amplitude 2-28 mm, and earthquake duration 22-138 seconds.
95 times Shallow Volcanic earthquakes with an amplitude of 2-10 mm, and an earthquake duration of 4-18 seconds.
2 local tectonic earthquakes with amplitude of 3-28 mm, SP 8-8.2 seconds and earthquake duration of 30-59 seconds.
10 times Distant Tectonic earthquakes with amplitude of 2-28 mm, SP not observed and earthquake duration 29-72 seconds.
Lewotobi Laki-Laki
Monday - February 10, 2025, period 00:00-24:00 WITA
Created by, Herman Yosef S Mboro
Level III (Alert)
Visual Observation
The volcano is covered in Fog 0-I to covered in Fog 0-III. Crater smoke is not observed. The weather is cloudy to rainy, the wind is weak to moderate to the north and northeast.
Other Information
Rain accompanied by light to moderate winds
Earthquake Observation
6 times Gust earthquake with amplitude 2.9-14.8 mm, and earthquake duration 37-60 seconds.
3 times Harmonic with amplitude 5.3-7.4 mm, and earthquake duration 67-143 seconds.
1 Low Frequency earthquake with an amplitude of 7.4 mm, and an earthquake duration of 26 seconds.
2 Deep Volcanic earthquakes with amplitude of 5.9-11 mm, SP 1.1-1.2 seconds and earthquake duration of 10-12 seconds.
9 times Distant Tectonic earthquakes with amplitude of 3.7-47.3 mm, SP 11-55 seconds and earthquake duration of 38-161 seconds.
Merapi
Monday - February 10, 2025, period 00:00-24:00 WIB
Created by, Yulianto
Level III (Alert)
Visual Observation
The volcano is covered in Fog 0-II to covered in Fog 0-III. Crater smoke is not observed. The weather is cloudy to overcast, the wind is calm to the east.
Other Information
Observed 3 times lava avalanches towards Kali Bebeng with a maximum sliding distance of 1400 meters.
Earthquake Observation
134 times Avalanche earthquakes with amplitude of 1-15 mm and earthquake duration of 52.72-215.13 seconds.
18 times Hybrid/Multi-Phase earthquakes with amplitude of 2-10 mm, SP 0.2-0.9 seconds and earthquake duration of 10.16-16.26 seconds.
3 times Distant Tectonic earthquakes with amplitude of 2-3 mm, SP not observed and earthquake duration 48.9-105.3 seconds.
Marapi
Monday - February 10, 2025, period 00:00-24:00 WIB
Created by, Teguh Purnomo
Level II (Alert)
Visual Observation
The volcano is clearly visible until covered by Fog 0-III. Observed white smoke from the main crater with thin to moderate intensity about 200 meters high from the peak. The weather is sunny to cloudy, with weak winds to the northeast and east.
Earthquake Observation
22 times Gust earthquake with amplitude 1-5.7 mm, and earthquake duration 25-441 seconds.
1 distant tectonic earthquake with an amplitude of 6 mm, SP 19.1 seconds and an earthquake duration of 46 seconds.
1 Continuous Tremor earthquake with amplitude 0.5-2.5 mm, dominant 1.5 mm.
MVO (Montserrat Volcano Observatory) report
MVO Weekly Report for the Period 24 to 31 January 2025
Activity at the Soufrière Hills Volcano remains low.
The seismic network recorded no volcanic events this week.
Measurements of the SO2 flux were taken from the helicopter on 29 January. There were 13 traverses with
an average flux of 235 tonnes per day.
Due to the large size of the lava dome, pyroclastic flows can occur at any time without warning on any side
of the volcano, including Gages from where they can travel rapidly into Plymouth. Tracks across the Belham
Valley can be destroyed or heavily modified by flash flooding or lahars, and caution should be exercised
crossing the valley during and after rainfall.
The Hazard Level is 1. There is no public access to Zone V, including Plymouth. Maritime Zones E and W are
daytime transit only between sunrise and sunset (boats may sail through the zone but must not stop).
Anyone who ignores these restrictions is liable to be prosecuted.
Seismic Activity (number of events)
This week Last week Last 4 weeks(weekly average)
Rockfalls 0 0 1
VT earthquakes 0 2 3
Hybrid earthquakes 0 0 0
LP earthquakes 0 0 0
Sulphur Dioxide Flux (tonnes per day
This week Last week Last 4 weeks
Average 235 N/A 557
Maximum 306 N/A 845
Minimum 91 N/A 300
PHIVOLCS report
MAYON VOLCANO
24-hour monitoring summary
(from 12AM yesterday to 12AM today)
Date: 10 February 2025 (Partial activity)
ALERT LEVEL 1
Seismicity
1 Rockfall event
Crater glow
The volcano is covered in clouds
Sulfur Dioxide Flux
204 ton / araw (05 February 2025)
Plume
The volcano is covered in clouds
Ground Deformation
Temporary volcanic eruption
SGC report
Weekly Newsletter
Manizales, February 4, 2025, 12:50 p.m. m.
Nevado del Ruiz Volcano
From the monitoring of the activity of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, the Colombian Geological Service (SGC), an entity attached to the Ministry of Mines and Energy, reports that:
In the week between January 28 and February 4, 2025, the volcano continued to exhibit unstable behavior. Compared to the previous week, the main variations of the monitored parameters were
Seismicity related to fluid dynamics inside volcanic conduits was mainly characterized by the recording of seismic signals associated with pulsatile ash emission. This type of signals increased in the number of earthquakes recorded and in the seismic energy released. During February 2 at 10:02 a.m. m. and 12:21 p.m. m., the highest energy seismic signals of the week were presented. Through the cameras (conventional or thermographic) used to monitor the volcano and the reports from officials of the Los Nevados National Natural Park and residents around the volcano, some of the gas and ash emissions associated with these signals were confirmed. Likewise, changes were observed in the apparent temperature of the material emitted during several of the recorded emissions.
It is worth mentioning that, since the early hours of today, February 4, starting at 04:30 a.m. m., continuous emission of ash associated with long-lasting seismic signals has been recorded. This broadcast continues until the time of publication of this bulletin. The column of gases and ash has reached heights between 800 and 1200 m (measured above the summit of the volcano) and is dispersed towards the southwestern flank of the volcano due to the direction of the wind.
Seismic activity associated with rock fracturing processes inside the volcanic edifice increased slightly in the number of earthquakes recorded and maintained similar levels in the seismic energy released. Most of these events occurred on January 28 and were mainly located at distances between 5 and 6 km northwest of the Arenas crater. However, although to a lesser extent, on the other days of the week earthquakes were recorded in the Arenas crater and the different flanks of the volcano, at distances less than 5 km from the crater. In general, the seismic events were of magnitudes less than 1 (low energy level) and occurred at depths between 1 and 6 km with respect to the top of the volcano.
The emission of water vapor and gases, mainly sulfur dioxide (SO2), into the atmosphere, through the Arenas crater, was variable with similar values in the daily SO2 degassing rates compared to the previous week. In satellite monitoring, which is carried out in a complementary manner to evaluate this parameter, significant discharges of SO2 into the atmosphere were evident.
The vertical height of the gas or ash column showed a similar behavior to the previous week, maintaining values mainly less than 800 m and reaching a maximum of 1300 m. In dispersion, the column reached 2000 m. These values measured on the volcanic summit were estimated during the ash emission on January 30 at 3:07 p.m. m. Regarding the direction of dispersion of the column, it presented a predominant trend towards the west-southwest of the volcano throughout the week, with occasional variations to the northwest and southwest.
In the monitoring of thermal anomalies at the bottom of the Arenas crater, from satellite monitoring platforms, some reports of anomalies with low energy levels were obtained.
From the SGC we call on people who visit the Los Nevados National Natural Park not to approach the areas closest to the Arenas crater, where the access is restricted, since the persistence of thermal anomalies, the activity related to the lava dome and the frequent emissions of gases and ash make this sector of the park dangerous for the life and integrity of people. It is also recommended not to make stops for long periods of time on the Murillo - Cerro Gualí road, particularly in the canyons of the Gualí, Azufrado and Lagunilla rivers, which originate in the volcano, as they are in the high volcanic threat zone.
For more than ten years, the Nevado del Ruiz volcano has been the most active in Colombia and is in an eruptive process, characterized by minor eruptions (ash emissions with column heights less than 3 km), which do not considerably affect the population. For this reason, it is important not to normalize the behavior of the Yellow alert state, especially when the variations of the monitored parameters are minor in short periods of time. Although this indicates that the volcano presents less instability and, consequently, less possibility of making a considerable eruption, we must keep in mind that its activity levels are far above any other volcano in Colombia, and that at any time its activity could increase rapidly and move to an Orange alert state (volcano with important changes in the monitored parameters) or even to Red (volcano erupting).
Based on the above, at the SGC we recommend carefully monitoring its evolution through weekly bulletins and other information published through our official channels, as well as the instructions of local and departmental authorities and the National Unit for Disaster Risk Management (UNGRD).
YVO report
NEWS
How geology and climate control vegetation composition and distribution in the Yellowstone Geoecosystem
By Yellowstone Volcano Observatory February 10, 2025
Want to know the geologic history of a specific area of Yellowstone? Then pay attention to the vegetation!
In Yellowstone, geology and ecology go hand in hand. In fact, the geology of Yellowstone can be mapped by its vegetation! For example, the glacial clays in the Lamar and Hayden valleys are rich in nutrients, like calcium and magnesium, and have high water-holding capacity; these qualities favor growth of grassland and sagebrush steppe. These landscapes are called the “Serengeti of North America”— lush grasslands that support large populations of bison and elk, not to mention coyotes, wolves, and grizzlies. Thinner soils with intermediate fertility form on the eastern side of Yellowstone National Park in the Absaroka volcanic province, where andesitic compositions are common. They support forests of Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir, and whitebark and lodgepole pine, like those found in much of the northern Rockies. In contrast, the plateaus of central Yellowstone National Park, created from explosive and lava-flow eruptions with rhyolite compositions, are overlain by thin, infertile soils. Their lack of critical nutrients and low water-holding capacity limit most conifers, with the notable exception of lodgepole pine. Lodgepole’s seeds are released when the cones are heated, enabling rapid establishment after fire and further ensuring the conifer’s dominance in central Yellowstone.
Read the complete article here.
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